With summer drawing to a close, if you own a vacation home that you both rent out and use personally, it’s a good time to review the potential tax consequences:

• If you rent it out for less than 15 days, you don’t have to report the income. But expenses associated with the rental won’t be deductible.

• If you rent it out for 15 days or more, you must report the income. But what expenses you can deduct depends on how the home is classified for tax purposes, based on the amount of personal vs. rental use:

Rental property.You can deduct rental expenses, including losses, subject to the real estate activity rules. You can’t deduct any interest that’s attributable to your personal use of the home, but you can take the personal portion of property tax as an itemized deduction.

Nonrental property.You can deduct rental expenses only to the extent of your rental income. Any excess can be carried forward to offset rental income in future years. You also can take an itemized deduction for the personal portion of both mortgage interest and property taxes.

Look at the use of the home year-to-date to project how it will be classified for tax purposes. Adjusting either the number of days you rent it out or your personal use between now and year end might allow the home to be classified in a more beneficial way.

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Now’s the time of year when many young adults are about to head back to college — or to enter their first year of higher education. If you have a grandchild who’ll be in college this fall and you’re concerned about gift and estate taxes, you may want to consider paying some of his or her tuition.

Cash gifts to an individual generally are subject to gift tax unless you apply your $14,000 per beneficiary annual exclusion or use part of your $5.34 million lifetime gift tax exemption (which will reduce the estate tax exemption available at your death dollar-for-dollar). Gifts to grandchildren are generally also subject to the generation-skipping transfer (GST) tax unless, again, you apply your $14,000 annual exclusion or use part of your $5.34 million GST tax exemption.

But tuition payments you make directly to the educational institution are tax-free without using any of your exclusions or exemptions, preserving them for other asset transfers.

This is only one of many strategies for funding college costs while saving gift and estate taxes. Please contact us for more ideas.

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Many expenses that may qualify as miscellaneous itemized deductions are deductible for regular tax purposes only to the extent they exceed, in aggregate, 2% of your adjusted gross income (AGI). Bunching these expenses into a single year may allow you to exceed this “floor.”

So now is a good time to add up your potential deductions to date. If they’re getting close to — or they already exceed — the 2% floor, consider incurring and paying additional expenses by Dec. 31, such as:

•  Deductible investment expenses, including advisory fees, custodial fees and publications

•  Professional fees, such as tax planning and preparation, accounting, and certain legal fees

•  Unreimbursed employee business expenses, including travel, meals, entertainment and vehicle costs

But keep in mind that these expenses aren’t deductible for alternative minimum tax (AMT) purposes. So don’t bunch them into 2014 if you might be subject to the AMT. Also, if your AGI will exceed certain levels ($254,200 for singles and $305,050 for married filing jointly), be aware that your itemized deductions will be reduced.

If you’d like more information on miscellaneous itemized deductions, the AMT or the itemized deduction limit, let us know

A taxable sale of a business might be structured as an installment sale if the buyer lacks sufficient cash or pays a contingent amount based on the business’s performance. An installment sale also may make sense if the seller wishes to spread the gain over a number of years — which could be especially beneficial if it would allow the seller to stay under the thresholds for triggering the 3.8% net investment income tax or the 20% long-term capital gains rate.

But an installment sale can backfire on the seller. For example:

•  Depreciation recapture must be reported as gain in the year of sale, no matter how much cash the seller receives.

•  If tax rates increase, the overall tax could wind up being more.

Please let us know if you’d like more information on installment sales — or other aspects of tax planning in mergers and acquisitions. Of course, tax consequences are only one of many important considerations.

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If you have a traditional IRA, you might benefit from converting some or all of it to a Roth IRA. A conversion can allow you to turn tax-deferred future growth into tax-free growth. It also can provide estate planning advantages: Roth IRAs don’t require you to take distributions during your life, so you can let the entire balance grow tax-free over your lifetime for the benefit of your heirs.

There’s no income-based limit on who can convert to a Roth IRA. But the converted amount is taxable in the year of the conversion. Whether a conversion makes sense for you depends on factors such as:

• Your age,
• Whether the conversion would push you into a higher income tax bracket or trigger the 3.8% net investment income tax,
• Whether you can afford to pay the tax on the conversion,
• Your tax bracket now and expected tax bracket in retirement, and
• Whether you’ll need the IRA funds in retirement.

We can run the numbers and help you decide if a conversion is right for you this year.

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